In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between marijuana use and mental health, particularly depression. Substance abuse, including the use of marijuana, is often linked to mental health issues such as depression. For some, marijuana can be part of an effective treatment for depression (especially when it’s prescribed to them through a medical marijuana card by a doctor).
But for many people, it may exacerbate symptoms or even contribute to developing depression. Mental illness is unique to each person, and every treatment plan needs to be tailored to the individual. But when a prescribed treatment (or a substance popular with those looking to self-medicate) is highly addictive, then the treatment plan needs to reflect that possibility. Addiction can be extremely destructive to a person’s life. It can affect a person deeply if they have mental health disorders, and can work against their healing process.
Some studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that marijuana (referring to the “smokable” buds of the cannabis plant). may alleviate symptoms of depression. But others indicate that it could make the condition worse. Understanding the factors and individual differences that influence the relationship between marijuana and depression is crucial in accurately assessing its impact on individuals. Depression and addiction require a unique approach to treat both, taking the mutual impact into account.
It’s important to take into account the role that different strains of marijuana may affect depression differently. Strains known as sativas are more likely to cause an uplifting and energizing effect. But for some people, especially those who suffer from anxiety, sativas can cause agitation and may even induce a panic attack with a higher dose. Other strains, referred to as indicas, can have a physically calming and restful effect. But for certain people, indicas can encourage rumination and wear down a person’s motivation.
Cannabis contains various compounds, such as THC and CBD, which can have differing effects on the brain. THC is known for its psychoactive properties and may temporarily uplift mood, while CBD is non-intoxicating and has been studied for its potential mental health and healing properties. They interact with each other within an individual strain, with CBD working to dampen and spread out the effects of THC during use. Without CBD, a person may experience a “spike” in effects from the THC of a cannabis product (which can sometimes lead to increased anxiety).
But a general rule is that the more THC a strain contains, the stronger its effects will be. This tends to be true no matter how much CBD the strain also contains, because CBD can never fully “even out” a high THC strain. A high-dose edible will always cause stronger effects than one with a lower dose, even if it contains CBD. This is true regardless of a person’s tolerance and experience with marijuana.
More than a single component, it is the interaction between the different components of cannabis that affects a person’s experience.The method of consumption for cannabis products can also influence the relationship between marijuana and depression. Smoking or vaping marijuana leads to a more rapid onset of effects, which can be desirable for immediate relief of symptoms. But on the other hand, edibles provide a slower release of cannabinoids into the system.
The balance between different compounds in different strains of marijuana can also significantly impact mental health. This also applies to the distinct terpenes within the strains, compounds within all plants that give them unique aspects. Whether the product contains full spectrum cannabis (which allows cannabinoids to compliment and/or enhance each other) can make an enormous difference. Many cannabis products designed to help medical patients suffering from conditions like PTSD and chronic pain are full spectrum and low THC, sometimes just enough to “activate” the healing properties of CBD.
What Causes Depression?
Depression is not solely caused by one factor. Instead, it is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Research suggests that neurotransmitter imbalance, particularly involving serotonin, plays a significant role in the development and persistence of depression.
Depression is a multifaceted disorder characterized by the following symptoms (even though they may not all present in the same person):
- Persistent feelings of sadness
- Lack of interest in previously loved activities
- Sense of physical “heaviness”
- Excess or insufficient eating
- Disturbed sleep or insomnia
- Difficulty with memory and concentration
- Restlessness
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
- Irritability
- Weight fluctuations
A key aspect of depression is that these feelings are persistent in a person’s life for a prolonged period of time. They may be caused by a life event, or they could persist due to a person’s internal chemistry. It is a complex condition influenced by various factors, including biological, psychological, and environmental elements. Symptoms may also develop or present differently in men, so it’s important how depression develops differently in men.
Childhood trauma, chronic stress, a history of substance abuse, and certain medical conditions can contribute to the onset of depression. While these factors can increase one’s vulnerability to depression, it is important to remember that each individual’s experience with the condition is unique.
Genetic predisposition to depression is another crucial aspect to consider. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of depression are more likely to experience the condition themselves. This suggests that there may be a hereditary component that influences one’s susceptibility to depression. Family therapy can be particularly helpful in studying the impact of these inheritable diseases on the family unit.
In addition to biological and environmental factors, social and cultural influences can also impact the development of depression. Societal pressures, stigma surrounding mental health, and lack of access to adequate support systems can exacerbate feelings of isolation and hopelessness, contributing to the manifestation of depressive symptoms.
How Cannabis Use Affects the Brain and Body
Marijuana contains compounds known as cannabinoids, which interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system. This system is involved in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, stress response, and pain perception.
When marijuana is ingested or inhaled, its cannabinoids bind to specific receptors in the brain, altering the release of neurotransmitters and affecting various functions. THC, the primary psychoactive component in marijuana, can induce feelings of relaxation, euphoria, and altered cognition.
Research has shown that the endocannabinoid system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within the body, helping to regulate functions such as appetite, sleep, and immune response. The interaction between cannabinoids and these receptors can have wide-ranging effects beyond just the well-known psychoactive properties of marijuana.
However, prolonged or excessive marijuana use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and negative effects on mental health. It is a potentially addictive substance, even if it does have medicinal purposes. More research needs to be done on physical addiction to marijuana, but psychological dependence on marijuana
How Marijuana Interacts with Mental Health Disorders
Individuals with preexisting mental health conditions, including depression, may be more susceptible to the negative effects of marijuana. Some individuals may turn to self-medication with marijuana to cope with their mental health conditions.
Marijuana use can also interfere with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications and exacerbate certain symptoms of depression, such as decreased motivation and memory problems. However, the exact mechanisms and long-term effects of marijuana on mental health are still being studied.
Additionally, the impact of marijuana on mental health can vary depending on factors such as the individual’s age, genetic predisposition, and the amount and frequency of marijuana use. It is crucial for individuals with mental health conditions to consult with healthcare professionals before using marijuana as a form of treatment, as the effects can differ greatly from person to person.
More than the individual effects of cannabis, addiction can often counteract healing or learning to live with mental health disorders. People may attempt to self-medicate with marijuana use. But it is not a substitute for individual therapy, medications, and healthy lifestyle choices. This is true whether someone becomes addicted to marijuana, alcohol, or opioids.
Heal From Drug and Alcohol Dependence While Treating Depression at Eagle Creek Recovery
For individuals struggling with both addiction and depression, seeking comprehensive treatment is crucial. Eagle Creek Recovery understands the intricate relationship between these two conditions and offers a multidisciplinary approach to address addiction, mental health issues, and co-occurring disorders. This includes a focus on dual diagnosis, treating both addiction and depression simultaneously with therapy modalities that include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and trauma-focused therapy.
By addressing the underlying causes of addiction and depression through evidence-based therapies, individualized treatment plans, and a supportive community, individuals can work towards achieving long-term recovery and improved mental well-being. If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction and depression, reach out to Eagle Creek Recovery today and take the first step towards a brighter future.
Clinical Director
Kendall Maloof is the clinical director at Eagle Creek Ranch Recovery. She is a licensed marriage and family therapist and has held multiple leadership roles before settling here at Eagle Creek. Kendall received her master’s degree in marriage and family therapy from the Chicago School of Professional Psychology in 2016. Her career in mental and behavioral health began in 2014 when she took up internships in both the nonprofit and for profit sectors. She interned at multiple reputable companies, such as The Living Success Center and 449 Recovery in California.
In 2019, Kendall became the clinical director of Sunsets Recovery for Woman, a dual diagnosis program in southern California. Kendall is a natural leader. She has an incredible ability to problem solve and stay calm in any situation. Kendall never fails to show up when she is needed, and her calm demeanor makes her team and clients feel at ease. Eagle Creek Ranch Recovery is proud to have Kendall as our clinical director.
